THE PASSIVE

Simple Present :   

Active   : Mary helps  john

Passive : john is helped by Mary

 

Present Continuous:

Active   : Mary is  helping john

Passive : john is being helped by Mary

 

Present Perfect:

Active   : Mary has helped   john

Passive : john has been helped by Mary

 

Simple Past:

Active   : Mary  helped  john

Passive : john was helped by Mary

 

Past continuous:

Active   : Mary was  helping john

Passive : john was being helped by Mary

 

Past Perfect:

Active   : Mary had  helped john

Passive : john had been helped by Mary

 

Simple Future:

Active   : Mary will  help  john

Passive : john will be helped by Mary

 

Be going to:

Active   : Mary is  going to help john

Passive : john is going to be helped by Mary

 

Future Perfect:

Active   : Mary will have helped john

Passive : john will have been helped Mary

 

Note: The continuous forms of the present perfect , past perfect , future and future perfect are very rarely used in the passive.

Active  :Etken (İşin özne tarafından yapıldığı belliyse) Passive:Edilgen (İşin özne tarafından yapıldığı belli değilse)

Verbs that can be used in the passive :

1.Most transitive verbs can be used in the passive. A transitive verb is a verb which has an object.

 

The police 

caught

the thief

S

V

O

The thief was caught by police

2. Intransitive verbs cannot be used in the passive . An intransitive verb is a verb which does not have an object.

Rodney fell and hurt his leg.

Passive constructions with the infinitive:

Doğru olup olmadığını bilmediğimiz bir bilgi aktar mak istediğimizde veya bu bilginin kaynağını vermek istemediğimizde passive yapıyı şu fiillerle kullanırız : 

think ,believe , report , consider , know , say , expect , + infinitive.

1. Bilgi şu anki bir durumla ilgiliyse : 

 passive + infini tive.

 örn: The queen is believed to be one of the richest   people in the world.

 örn: Mr Smit is thought to be staying with friends

2. Bilgi geçmişteki bir durumla ilgiliyse:

 passive + the past infinitive ( to have + past particip le )

örn: Cher is said to have had a face lift.

NOT: The passive of doing = being done , 

seeing = being seen.

Örnekler:

Active: I don't like people telling me what to do

Passive: I don't like being told what to do

Active: Mr Miller hates people keeping him waiting

Passive:Mr miller hates being kept waiting

 

ACTIVE MODAL

PASSIVE MODAL

 

Bob will mail it

it will be mailed by bob

Bob can mail it

it can be mailed by bob

Bob should mail it

it should be mailed by bob

Bob ought to mail it

it ought to be mailed by bob

Bob must mail it

it must be mailed by bob

Bob has to mail it

it has to be mailed by bob

Bob may mail it

it may be mailed by bob

Bobo might mail it

it might be mailed by bob

 


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